CONSULTING
MY STORY
As a recent graduate from the University of Oxford’s Master’s Degree in Medieval English Literature, I have dedicated my academic studies to the analysis of European literature, language, and history, working toward piecing together our shared ancestral narratives.
During my undergraduate career I focused my research on distinctions in theological approaches and cultural divisions during the thirteenth century and in the wake of the Crusades.
As a graduate, my research has followed in this trajectory, and I have further specialized on how the cultural and geographical mobility of book traditions demonstrates evidence of migration and inter-national connectivity. I am currently preparing an essay on this subject for submission to academic journals.
FIND HERE AN ABSTRACT FOR MY CURRENT PROJECT
Distinguishable Features in English Ashkenazi Script During the Early 13th Century
By the late Middle Ages, Jewish communities in Europe tended to fall into two ethnic categories that we still recognize as major ethnicities today: the Ashkenazim and Sephardim, the former originating primarily in Christian Germany, but also parts of northern and eastern Europe, the latter in Muslim Spain (סְפָרַד [Sepharad] in Hebrew) and spreading to southern France, Italy, northern Africa, and the Near East. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, differences between the cultures associated with these respective groups came across rather noticeably in literary practices, due the parting between Sephardi and Ashkenazi book-hands, which both diverged from the “Oriental Hebrew Script” that preceded them. The identifiable features of each as they developed in somewhat isolated geographic regions would suggest a cultural separation prior to the late 12th century, as the first dated Ashkenazi manuscript was produced in 1177. However, surprisingly little study has been conducted on the regional variations of Ashkenazi styles. Additionally, of what little analysis on this matter exists, just about all of it concerns continental variations, particularly between Ashkenaz, or the region around the Rhine, and France. In my own study of the script, I have found no research on the variations between continental and English Ashkenazi script, so I have set out in this study to highlight some of the more noticeable hallmarks one can use to identify one from the other. In my analysis, I have concluded that by the early thirteenth century, the English Jewish community developed a unique branch of Ashkenazi set book-hand that is distinguishable from its continental counterparts. The existence of a distinctive style of the script indicates a partial isolation of the manuscript tradition from French and German communities, resulting in the invention of discernably English features, most notably the elimination or detachment of hairline strokes in particular letterforms. This difference is especially evident when compared to manuscripts from Ashkenaz, and through this comparison one can observe how the distinguishable features evolved from the continental model.